Concrete (from Fr. Béton) - artificial stone building material made by molding and curing a rationally selected and compacted mixture consisting of a binder (cement or other), large and small aggregates, and water. In some cases, may contain additives, and water is absent (eg asphalt).
According to GOST 25192-82, the classification of concrete is produced by main destination, type of binder, type of aggregate, the structure and conditions of hardening:
By appointment distinguish conventional concrete (for industrial and civil buildings) and special - hydraulic, traffic, heat insulation, decorative and special concretes (chemical resistant, heat resistant, anti-vibration, anti-nuclear radiation, etc.).
By type of binder distinguish cement, silicate, gypsum, shlakoschelochnye, asphalt concrete, plastobeton (polymer concrete), etc.
Distinguished by the form of aggregates on solid concrete, porous or special aggregates.
According to the structure distinguish dense concrete, porous, cellular or macroporous structure.
Under the terms of hardening concrete is divided into tverdevshie in vivo, in terms of heat and humidity treatment at atmospheric pressure in a heat and humidity treatment at a pressure above atmospheric pressure (autoclaved).
Mortar - combines the concept of "Pot", "dry mortar mix", "solution". Mortar called material obtained as a result of hardening of the mixture of binder (cement), fine aggregate (sand), zatvoritelya (water) and, where appropriate, special additives. This mixture is called before the solidification of the mortar. Dry mortar mix - a mixture of dry ingredients - binders, aggregates and additives, metered and mixed at the plant - shut water before use. Binder in solution enveloping grain filler, reducing the friction between them, resulting in a mortar mixture becomes necessary for mobility. In the process of curing binder binds each individual aggregate particles. The binder of cement, clay, gypsum, lime, or a mixture thereof, and as an aggregate - sand. Mortars are classified according to the number of factors used binder, binder properties, the ratio between the amount of binder and filler, density and purpose.
By type of binder used mortars are simple with one binder (cement, lime, gypsum, etc.) and complex with mixed binder (cement and lime, lime, gypsum, lime, ash, clay and straw, etc.).
Depending on the ratio between the amount of binder and filler distinguish oily, normal and lean solutions and mortar mixes. Fat called solutions with excess binder. Their mixtures are very plastic, but give greater shrinkage during solidification, apply a thick layer of fat solutions crack. Lean solutions contain a relatively small amount of binder. But they give a very low shrinkage, which is very valuable when facing the works.
The density of mortar divided into heavy - medium density dry 1500 kg/m3 and more prepared on the usual sand and light - medium density 1500 kg/m3, which is prepared in a light porous sand of pumice, tuff, expanded clay and others . By appointment mortars are masonry (stone for ordinary and refractory masonry, installation of walls made of large items), finishing (for plastering the buildings, application of decorative layers on the wall blocks and panels), special, have special properties (waterproofing TF-2, the acoustic , X-ray protective).
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